Develop creative ideas and concepts, choosing the appropriate media and style to meet the client’s objectives
NSQF level
4
Minimum Educational Qualifications Maximum Educational Qualifications
Class X Not Applicable
Prerequisite License or Training
Raster and vector image editing software
Minimum Job Entry Age
18 years
Experience
One year as an Assistant Graphic Designer or equivalent job related to graphics.
Applicable National Occupational Standards (NOS)
Performance Criteria
As described in the relevant OS units
Keywords /Terms
Description
Budget
Budget is an estimate of the total cost of production that may include a break-up of cost components.
Creative Brief
Creative brief is a document that captures the key questions that serve as a guide for the production including the vision,objective of the project, target audience,timelines, budgets, milestones, stakeholders etc.
Graphic
A visual item on screen or print displayed or stored in computer as data.
Design
A plan of work produced to show the function or look of an object based on which decision could be drawn upon.
Concept
The overall plan of the working
Theme
The subject of the brief or the topic that the brief adheres to.
Mood board
An arrangement of images,materials and text that reflects a project style or concept.
Mind map
A map that is used to visually organizethe data serving as an inspiration for ideas
Aesthetic
A set of guidelines and principles that define a piece of work as beautiful and artistic
Storyboard
A graphic organsiser in the form of sequence of images that depict how the product will function
Vector Images
Typically, these are 2D graphical objects that are created within graphic system and remain scalable in applications
Raster Images
These are imagesthat are either photographed or pixel matrix
Budget
Budget is an estimate of the total cost of production that may include a break-up of cost components.
Sector
Sector is a conglomeration of different business operations having similar businesses and interests. It may also be defined as a distinct subset of the economy whose components share similar characteristics and interests.
Sub-sector
Sub-sector is derived from a further breakdown based on the characteristics and interests of its components.
Vertical
Vertical may exist within a sub-sector representing different domain areas or the client industries served by the industry.
Occupation
Occupation is a set of job roles, which perform similar/related set of functions in an industry
Function
Function is an activity necessary for achieving the key purpose of the sector, occupation, or area of work, which can be carried out by a person or a group of persons. Functions are identified through functional analysis and form the basis of OS.
Sub-functions
Sub-functions are sub-activities essential to fulfill the achieving the objectives of the function.
Job role
Job role defines a unique set of functions that together form a unique employment opportunity in an organization.
Occupational Standards (OS)
OS specify the standards of performance an individual must achieve when carrying out a function in the workplace, together with the knowledge and understanding they need to meet that standard consistently. Occupational Standards are applicable both in the Indian and global contexts.
Graphic Designer course free of cost 6 month
Performance Criteria
Performance Criteria are statements that together specify the standard of performance required when carrying out a task
National Occupational Standards (NOS)
NOS are Occupational Standards which apply uniquely in the Indian context.
Qualifications Pack Code
Qualifications Pack Code is a unique reference code that identifies a qualifications pack.
Qualifications Pack(QP)
Qualifications Pack comprises the set of OS, together with the educational, training and other criteria required to perform a job role. A Qualifications Pack is assigned a unique qualification pack code.
Unit Code
Unit Code is a unique identifier for an Occupational Standard, which is denoted by an ‘N’.
Unit Title
Unit Title gives a clear overall statement about what the incumbent should be able to do.
Description
Description gives a short summary of the unit content. This would be helpful to anyone searching on a database to verify that this is the appropriate OS they are looking for.
Scope
Scope is the set of statements specifying the range of variables that an individual may have to deal with in carrying out the function which have a critical impact on the quality of performance required.
Knowledge and Understanding
Knowledge and Understanding are statements which together specify the technical, generic, professional and organizational specific knowledgethat an individual needs in order to perform to the required standard.
Organizational Context
Organizational Context includes the way the organization is structured and how it operates, including the extent of operative knowledge managers have of their relevant areas of responsibility.
Technical Knowledge
Technical Knowledge is the specific knowledge needed to accomplish specific designated responsibilities.
Core Skills/Generic Skills
Core Skills or Generic Skills are a group of skills that are key to learning and working in today’s world. These skills are typically needed in any work environment. In the context of the OS, these include communication related skills that are applicable to most job roles.
Keywords/Terms
Description
NOS
National OccupationalStandard(s)
QP
QualificationsPack
NSQF
National Skill Qualifications Framework
NVEQF
National Vocational Education Qualifications Framework
NVQF
National Vocational Qualifications Framework
Unit Code
MES/N0601
Unit Title(Task)
Interpret graphic visualisation brief
Description
This OS unit is about understanding the production requirements and planning the process and workflow
Scope
This unit/task covers the following: create the visual concept as requiredconstructing an approach and planning the process
Performance Criteria(PC) w.r.t. the Scope
Element
Performance Criteria
Create the visual concept as per assignments
To be competent, the user/individual on the job must be able to: PC1. create design layout based on job brief (dimensions, operating platforms, etc.) PC2. sketch visual themes as per project requirement and relate the base idea,theme and concept PC3. identify client branding (color scheme,logo, target audience,etc.) PC4. evaluate brand value and competitors
Constructing an approach and planning the process
PC5. construct the visual platform as per project indicators (television, film, print, gaming etc.) PC6. prepare graphics of theme based on project relevant to his / her job role (format, number,types, duplicates etc.) PC7. combine images using layer masks and add text to designs
Knowledge and Understanding (K)
A. Organizational Context (Knowledge of the company / organization and its processes)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KA1. the creative vision and elements of production relevant to his/her job role KA2. the project pipeline/schedule and timelines relevant to their work KA3. the intended purpose of the design that needs to be created KA4. how to maintain consistency with idea, theme, style and concept defined in the brief KA5. the technique and workflow followed in the organization
B. Technical Knowledge
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KB1. how to source materials for research and reference. KB2. how to express ideas using techniques like mind maps, moodboards, storyboards, etc. KB3. applicable copyright norms and intellectual property rights KB4. applicable health and safety guidelines pertaining to working for long periods on edit machines
Skills (S)
A. Core Skills/ Generic Skills
Writing Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA1. document decisions on the processes involved and techniques to be used with reasons SA2. document other areas(e.g. requirements of the target audience, market, end- product,reference links and videos) that may be relevant for the team
Reading Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA3. read and understand the script and determine requirements SA4. read about emerging techniques in production SA5. read user manuals for equipment and software SA6. read about the tastes and preferences of the target audience and the market where the end-product intends to be distributed
Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking skills)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA7. understand the creative vision of the brief and work to resolve any issues SA8. communicate with team members, relay instructions, collaborate and resolve issues with members of the post-production team handling different aspects/processes to determine the effort involved for the activities that would need to be performed.
B. Professional Skills
Decision making
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB1. manage decision on suitable course of action
Plan and Organize
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB2. plan the activities, workflow, resourcing and timelines in accordance with the creative and technical requirements SB3. manage deadlines successfully on time SB4. work well in a fast-paced environment
Customer Centricity
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: SB5. check that their own work meets customer requirements
Problem Solving
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: SB6. identify any issues that may arise during post-production and find solutions to address them
Analytical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: SB7. how to have a keen eye for detail and maintain an aesthetic sense towards the final output
Critical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB8. appraise the quality of the raw footage gathered to ensure it is in line with the initial concept and quality standards
NOS Version Control
NOS Code
MES/N0601
Credits(NSQF)
TBD
Version number
1.0
Sector
Media andEntertainment
Drafted on
04/12/2015
Sub-sector
Advertising, Print, OOH,Digital
Last reviewed on
26/09/2018
Occupation
Art and Designing
Next review date
25/09/2022
processes)
KA3. the intended distribution/exhibition mediums for the production KA4. establish data management and work flow systems KA5. how to maintain quality control as production scales
B. Technical Knowledge
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KB1. how to work on relevant equipment and software e.g. photoshop, illustrator, coreldraw, indesign, printer, scanner, etc. KB2. the format, resolution and quality in which the material would be needed KB3. the storage media relevant to the type of production KB4. file-naming conventions appropriate to the production KB5. how to keep abreast of changes in technology and update skills accordingly KB6. applicable health and safety guidelines
Skills (S)
A. Core Skills/ Generic Skills
Writing Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA1. prepare documentation, including charts, to accompany the work-product
Reading Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA2. read and understand the user and technical specifications of equipment and software
Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking skills)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA3. discuss and understand requirements and specifications by the supervisor SA4. discuss any problems with the brief that could impact the production process and solicit suggestions for resolving them
B. Professional Skills
Plan and Organize
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: SB1. plan and prioritize work according to the requirements
Critical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to:
SB2. understand upcoming technical advancement on the quality aspects for equipment uses, the resources and services.
Decision making
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB3. manage decision on suitable course of action
Customer Centricity
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB4. check that own and/or peer’s work meets customer requirements.
Problem Solving
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to SB5. undertake troubleshooting the problems of computer system.
Analytical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB6. monitor the nature and quality of vendor materials, tools and equipment for future purchases
NOS Version Control
NOS Code
MES/N0602
Credits(NSQF)
TBD
Version number
1.0
Sector
Media andEntertainment
Drafted on
04/12/2015
Sub-sector
Advertising, Print, OOH,Digital
Last reviewed on
26/09/2018
Occupation
Art and Designing
Next review date
25/09/2022
Unit Code
MES/N0603
Unit Title(Task)
Visualise and generate design
Description
This OS unit is about cutting down the production of raw material and arranging them on a timeline to create a sequential output that meets production requirements
Scope
This unit/task covers the following: generate visuals and design concept appropriate for the brief
Performance Criteria(PC) w.r.t. the Scope
Element
Performance Criteria
Generate visuals and design concept appropriate for the brief
To be competent, the user/individual on the job must be able to: PC1. collect relevant data to support design PC2. list the design concept to be conceptualized PC3. relate the concept with meaningful graphics PC4. illuminate the design with indicative messages accurately PC5. identify the elements of production which are relevant as per the creative brief and inputs provided PC6. present the idea,theme and concept to the peers PC7. configure exact vocal representation relevant to the data to support design
Knowledge and Understanding (K)
A. Organizational Context (Knowledge of the company / organization and its processes)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KA1. the production process followed by the organization KA2. the creative vision and elements of production relevant to his/her job role KA3. the project pipeline/schedule and timelines relevant to their work KA4. the intended purpose of the design that need to be created
B. Technical Knowledge
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KB1. how to organize the collected data KB2. how to present the visualized data and collect feedback KB3. the elements and principles of design KB4. how to create digital design layouts KB5. the implication of the format on the quality of the end-product KB6. applicable copyright norms and Intellectual Property Rights
Skills (S)
A. Core Skills/ Generic Skills
Writing Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA1. document notes on the process and arranging them in a professional manner SA2. document notes and project specifications for guidance and reference
Reading Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA3. read and understand the script and determine requirements SA4. gather,organize and store stock images, cliparts, photographs for use in projects SA5. gather suitable references from various sources for use during production SA6. research attributes of the genre, language,culture, regionof the production to determine aspects that may need to be reflected in the final output
Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking skills)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA7. understand the creative vision and technical requirements that need to be complied with the brief SA8. discuss interim/finalwork peers and superiors and solicit their feedback on improvements SA9. liaise with relevant people in a way that supports the production process
B. Professional Skills
Plan and Organize
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB1. plan and prioritize work according to the requirements
Decision making
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB2. finalize the design as per the project requirement
Customer Centricity
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB3. check that own and/or peer’s work meets customer requirements. SB4. work effectively in a customer facing environment.
Problem Solving
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to:
SB5. address comments on the interim/final work-products and make changes accordingly
Analytical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB6. have a keen eye for detail and maintain an aesthetic sense towards colour shapes, forms and software capabilities of the final output while planning the workflow and tools required.
Critical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB7. appraise the quality of own work to ensure it is inline with the expected quality standards
NOS Version Control
NOS Code
MES/N0603
Credits(NSQF)
TBD
Version number
1.0
Sector
Media and Entertainment
Drafted on
04/12/2015
Sub-sector
Advertising, Print, OOH, Digital
Last reviewed on
26/09/2018
Occupation
Art and Designing
Next review date
25/09/2022
Unit Code
MES/N0604
Unit Title(Task)
Create and edit graphic designs
Description
This OS unit is about creating original graphic illustrations and visuals that meets production requirements.
Scope
This unit/task covers the following: Create & edit raster images independentlyCreate & edit vector images independentlyCreate & edit digital design independently
Performance Criteria (PC) w.r.t. the Scope
Element
Performance Criteria
Create & edit raster images independently
To be competent, the user/individual on the job must be able to: PC1. select graphic elements in accordance with the design idea PC2. freeze the color choice based on the design idea PC3. create graphics according to the design idea,requirements, specifications
Create & edit vectorimages independently
PC4. create vector artworks and illustrations PC5. select the color output based on the final style required
Create & edit digital design independently
PC6. create single/multi page documents appropriate to the designs specification PC7. prepare the final document as per the target platform specification
Knowledge and Understanding (K)
A. Organizational Context (Knowledge of the company / organization and its processes)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KA1. the creative vision and elements of production relevant to his/her job role KA2. the project pipeline/schedule and timelines relevant KA3. the intended purpose of the design that needs to be created
B. Technical Knowledge
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KB1. how to select the right editing/drawing software tools required for the job KB2. how to source images KB3. techniques like image restoration and retouching techniques KB4. how to design vector graphics that is consistent with design idea KB5. how to create graphics that is consistent with the creative look of the project KB6. how to design the layout appropriate for the given product specification (website, game, animation, film, advertising,television, etc.) KB7. how to design single page and multipage documents that convey structured information KB8. applicable copyright norms and intellectual property rights
Skills (S) (Optional)
A. Core Skills/ Generic Skills
Writing Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA1. document notes on the process and arranging them in a professional manner SA2. document notes and specifications for guidance and reference
Reading Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA3. read and understand the script and determine requirements SA4. gather,organize and storestock images,cliparts, photographs for use in projects SA5. gather suitable references from various sources for use during production SA6. research attributes of the genre, language,culture, region of the production to determine aspects that may need to be reflected in the final output
Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking skills)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA7. understand the creative vision and technical requirements that need to be complied with the brief SA8. discuss interim/final workpeers and superiors and solicit their feedback on improvements SA9. liaise with relevant people in a way that supports the production process
Decision Making
B. Professional Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB1. manage creative decisions as per the client inputs
Customer Centricity
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB2. plan and prioritise work as per the client requirements. SB3. work under the deadline provided by client
Analytical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB4. have a keen eye for detail and maintain an aesthetic sense towards colour shapes, forms and software capabilities of the final output
Plan and Organize
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: SB5. plan and prioritize work according to the requirements
Customer Centercity
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB6. plan and prioritize work according to the requirements SB7. manage deadlines successfully—on time SB8. work well in a fast-paced environment
Problem solving
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB9. address comments on the interim / final work-products and make changes accordingly
Critical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB10. appraise the quality of own work to ensure it is inline with the expected quality standards
NOS Version Control
NOS Code
MES/N0604
Credits(NSQF)
TBD
Version number
1.0
Sector
Media and Entertainment
Drafted on
04/12/2015
Sub-sector
Advertising, Print, OOH,Digital
Last reviewed on
26/09/2018
Occupation
Art and Designing
Next review date
25/09/2022
PC12. report any hazards outside the individual’s authority to therelevant person in line with organisational procedures and warnother people who may be affected
Complying with procedures in the event of an emergency
PC13. follow organisation’s emergency procedures for accidents, fires or any other natural calamity in case of a hazard PC14. identify and correct risks like illness, accidents, fires or any other natural calamity safely and within the limits of individual’s authority
Knowledge and Understanding (K)
A. Organizational Context (Knowledge of the company / organization and its processes)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KA1. organisation’s norms and policies relating to health and safety KA2. government norms and policies regarding health and safety and related emergency procedures KA3. limits of authority while dealing with risks/ hazards KA4. the importance of maintaining high standards of health and safety at a workplace
B. Technical Knowledge
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand: KB1. the different types of health and safety hazards in a workplace KB2. safe working practices for own job role KB3. evacuation procedures and other arrangements for handling risks KB4. names and contact numbers of people responsible for health and safety in a workplace KB5. how to summon medical assistance and the emergencyservices, where necessary KB6. vendors’ or manufacturers’ instructions for maintaining health and safety while using equipments, systems and/or machines
Skills (S) (Optional)
A. Core Skills/ Generic Skills
Writing Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA1. write and provide feedback regarding health and safety to the concerned people SA2. write and highlight potential risks or report a hazard to the concerned people
Reading Skills
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA3. read instructions, policies, procedures and norms relating to health and safety
Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking skills)
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SA4. highlight potential risks and report hazards to the designated people SA5. listen and communicate information with all concerned or affected
B. Professional Skills
Decision making
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB1. make decisions on a suitable course of action or plan
Plan and Organize
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB2. plan and organize people and resources to deal with risks/ hazards that lie within the scope of one’s individual authority
Customer Centricity
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB3. build and maintain positive and effective relationships with colleagues and customers
Problem Solving
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB4. apply problem solving approaches in different situations
Analytical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB5. analyze data and activites
Critical Thinking
The user/individual on the job needs to know and understand how to: SB6. understand hazards that fall within the scope of individual authority and report all hazards that may supersede one’s authority SB7. Apply balanced judgements in different situations
NOS Version Control
NOS Code
MES/N0104
Credits(NSQF)
TBD
Versionnumber
1.0
Sector
Media and Entertainment
Drafted on
16/07/2017
Sub-sector
Advertising,Print, OOH,Digital
Last reviewedon
26/09/2018
Occupation
Art and Designing
Next review date
25/09/2022
Annexure
Nomenclature for QP and NOS
Qualifications Pack
9 characters
MES/ Q 0101
QP number (2 numbers)
Occupation (2 numbers)
Occupational Standard
An example of NOS with ‘N’
9 characters
MES / N 0101
OS number (2 numbers)
Occupation (2 numbers)
The following acronyms/codes have been used in the nomenclature above:
Sub-sector
Range of Occupation numbers
Film
01-20
Television
21-30
Print
31-35
Animation
36-45
Gaming
46-55
Radio
56-60
Digital
61-70
OOH / Advertising
71-80
Creative & Performing Art
81-85
Sound & Music
86-90
Theme & Amusement Park
91-95
Event Management
96-99
Sequence
Description
Example
Three letters
Media and Entertainment
MES
Slash
/
/
Next letter
Whether QP or NOS
Q
Next two numbers
Occupation code
01
Next two numbers
QP number
01
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF TRAINEES
Job Role:Graphic Designer
Qualification Pack:MES/Q0601
Sector Skill Council:Media and Entertainment Skills Council
Compulsory NOSTotal Marks : 500
Marks Allocation
Assessmentoutcomes
Assessment criteria for outcomes
Total marks
Out Of
Theory
Skills Practical
1.MES/N0601
PC1. create design layout based on job brief (dimensions, operating platforms, etc.)
20
5
15
(Interpretgraphic visualisation brief)
PC2. sketch visual themes as per project requirement and relate the base idea,theme and concept
PC5. construct the visual platform as per project indicators (television, film, print, gaming etc.)
10
5
5
PC6. prepare graphics of theme based on project relevant to his / her job role (format, number,types, duplicates etc.)
10
5
5
PC7. combine images using layer masks and add text to designs
10
5
5
Total
100
35
65
2.MES/N0602(Manage graphic tools)
PC1. gather rawstock imageries / material (e.g.photographs, clipart, imagefilters) and select relevant material that can be used forproduction.
20
5
15
PC2. sort and keep the material ready for the production process.
20
5
15
PC3. ensure software / equipment is ready for use (e.g.photoshop, scanner, etc)
10
5
5
PC4. create tools in line with pictorial representations (brush, pickers of different size and colors)
100
15
5
10
PC5. save back-ups for interim work-products in the appropriate file formats
15
5
10
PC6. ensure final work-products are prepared in appropriate file formats (e.g. psd, .ai, .cdr,etc.) and appropriate medium(e.g. dvd,cd and digital flash drives)
10
5
5
PC7. clear logs/data and keep the software and equipment ready for future use
10
5
5
Total
100
35
65
3. MES/N 0603
PC1. collect relevant data to support design
20
5
15
(Visualise and generate design)
100
PC2. list the design concept to be conceptualized
20
5
15
PC3. relate the concept with meaningful graphics
10
5
5
PC4. illuminate the design with indicative messages accurately
20
5
15
PC5. identify the elements of production relevant as per the creative brief and inputs provided
10
5
5
PC6. present the idea,theme and concept to the peers
10
5
5
PC7. configure exact vocal representation relevant to the data to support design
10
5
5
Total
100
35
65
4.MES/N0604(Create and
PC1. select graphic elements in accordance to the design idea
10
5
5
edit graphic designs)
PC2. freeze the color choice based on the design idea
10
5
5
100
PC3. create graphics according to the design idea, requirements, specifications
10
5
5
PC4. create vector artworks and illustrations
20
5
15
PC5. select the color output based on the final style required
15
5
10
PC6. create single/multi page documents appropriate to the designs specification
15
5
10
PC7. prepare the final document as per the target platform specification
20
5
15
Total
100
35
65
5. MES/N0104(Maintain workplace healthand safety)
PC1. maintain one’s posture and position to minimize fatigue and the risk of injury
10
5
5
PC2. maintain first aid kit and keep oneself updated on the first aid procedures
10
5
5
PC3. identify identify and document potential risks like siting postures while using computer, eye fatique and other hazards in the workplace
5
2
3
PC4. accurately maintain accident reports
5
2
3
PC5report health and safety risks/ hazards to concerned personnel
10
5
5
PC6. participate in organization health and safety knowledge sessions and drills
10
5
5
PC7. identify the people responsible for health and safety in the workplace, including those to contact in case of an emergency
10
5
5
PC8. identify security signals e.g. fire alarms and places such as staircases, fire warden stations, first aid and medical rooms
100
10
5
5
PC9. identify aspects of workplace that could cause potential risk to own and others health and safety
5
2
3
PC10. ensure own personal health and safety, and that of others in the workplace though precautionary measures
5
2
3
PC11. identify and recommend opportunities for improving health,safety, and security to the designated person
5
2
3
PC12. report any hazards outside the individual’s authority to therelevant person in line with organisational procedures and warnother people who may be affected
5
2
3
PC13. follow organisation’s emergency procedures for accidents, firesor any other natural calamity in case of a hazard
5
2
3
PC14. identify and correct risks like illness, accidents, fires or anyother natural calamity safely and within the limits of individual’sauthority